Schizophrenia

mountain afflicted with schizophrenic disorder may engage a sense of pragmatism that is noticeably dissimilar from the globe recognized and shargond by others to a greater extent or less them. Schizophrenics, live in a world that is distorted by hallucinations and delusions, so those with schizophrenia may find frightened, anxious, and confused (Smith et al, 2006). Partly due to the contrastive reality they experience, shizophrenics argon cognize to behave differently at conglomerate generation and razets. At time they raise be distant, detached or even seem preoccupied. near may sit rigidly, like a stone, unmoving and utterly silent.Other times they may shift relentlessly occupied, wide-awake, vigilant, alert, and even hyperactive. Schizophrenia is a severe, inveterate, and largely disabling whiz affection (Smith et al, 2006). duration the term schizophrenia literally means split mind, it should not be confused with a split or multiple personality. It is more ac curately described as a psychosis &8212 a type of disease that causes severe mental upthrust that disrupts convention thinking, vocalizations, and deeds. Schizophrenia is supposed to be secondary to a junto of hereditary and environmental factors.The course of schizophrenia, its symptoms, and triggers go greatly among those who atomic number 18 affected. concourse with schizophrenia may demonstrate a varied confederacy of symptoms, triggers, and course. each(prenominal) of these combinations may produce different clinical pictures. In fact, some clinicians have argued that schizophrenia is literally a throng of separate disorders that share reciprocal features or symptoms.Comer (2007) notes that the indication of schizophrenia pearl into three main categories positivist symptoms, which are unusual thoughts or perceptions that take hallucinations (disturbances of afferent perception), delusions ( sham beliefs) and thought disorder.Delusions Delusions are faulty interpre tations of reality. Delusions may have strange content such as thoughts of being controlled by others, ideas of persecution by others, etc.Disordered thinking and Speech These may hold loose associations, neologisms, and clanging.Heightened Perceptions These are feelings of being fill up by sights and sounds, making it insurmountable to attend to anything important.Hallucinations Hallucinations are faulty sensory perceptions. Auditory hallucinations are the intimately common form of hallucinations. opposed Affect Inappropriate affect is smiling when you are sad or angry or bearing a caisson look when you should look happy. This may be related to the experience of hallucinations.Negative symptoms, which stands for a loss or a falling off in the ability to drill excogitations, speak, express emotion, or find pleasance in everyday animateness (Comer 2007). These symptoms are harder to recognize as phonation of the disorder and can be mistaken for laziness or depression.cogn itive symptoms (or cognitive deficits), which are problems with attention, certain types of recall, and the administrator occupation that allow us to plan and manoeuver. Cognitive deficits can as well be difficult to recognize as part of the disorder still are the almost debilitating scathe of leading a normal life.One may note that the cornerstone of schizophrenia is psychosis. Psychosis is a state characterized by loss of contact with reality (Comer, 2007). In this condition, the affected persons ability to perceive and respond to the environment is significantly disturbed, and it may affect the persons ability to function. psychotic person symptoms may include hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions and/or delusions which are false beliefs. Psychosis may similarly be substance-induced or caused by brain injury, just now psychosis most commonly appears in diagnoses of schizophrenia. Fowler (2000) notes that normally individuals with psychosis are not conscious of the consequential link surrounded by their symptoms, life experiences, disposition and beliefs. By jockstraping someone understand his or her problem as part one of belief and interpretation, rather than actual and current threat, can be beneficialTreatments for SchizophreniaTreatment is aimed at reducing symptoms and preventing psychotic relapses and is believed to be most effective when begun earlier in the course of the illness. Schizophrenia is initally tempered with antipsychotic medication (Comer, 2007). erstwhile acute symptoms have lessened, a combination of medicine and psycho accessible/rehabilitation interventions can be beneficial. As a chronic condition, disease management is life-long process. burial mound (2005) states that the most common modern medications currently electropositive are risperidone (Risperdal), olanzapine (Zyprexa, Zydis), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon). And then in that location is aripiprazole (Abilify), which acts in a diff erent way on the brain than others. exclusively these drugs block dopamine in those part of the brain where excessive dopamine is causative to psychosis. They mainly diminish positive symptoms, but they may also help with negative symptoms. Counseling, psychotherapy and social rehabilitation can help with more of what we call negative symptoms. Although Barrow notes that this often gets lost at first because positive symptoms gets therapists too busy, but people also fall behind inspiration, the capacity to communicate socially, and the capacity to organize themselves as they used to do before.ReferencesBarrow, K (2005). Reality Distortions Balancing the judgment in Schizophrenia. Healthology Online, retrieved 7 April 2008 from http//www.healthology.com/mental-health/article1007.htm?pg=2Comer, R. J. (2007). freakish psychology (6th ed.), New York Worth Publishers.Fowler, D. (2000). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis from understanding to treatment. psychiatric Rehabilit ation Skills, 4(2), 199-215.Smith B, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Bashforth H, Garety P Dunn G & Kuipers E., (2006) Emotion and psychosis links between depression, self-esteem, negative schematic beliefs and delusions and hallucinations. Retrieved 7 April 2008 from http//eprints.ucl.ac.uk/2182/1/Microsoft_Word_-_Schiz_Res_02_04_2006__2_.pdfSchizophreniaPeople afflicted with schizophrenia may have a sense of reality that is noticeably dissimilar from the reality perceived and shared by others around them. Schizophrenics, live in a world that is distorted by hallucinations and delusions, so those with schizophrenia may feel frightened, anxious, and confused (Smith et al, 2006). Partly due to the different reality they experience, shizophrenics are known to behave differently at various times and events. At times they can be distant, detached or even seem preoccupied. Some may sit rigidly, like a stone, unmoving and utterly silent.Other times they may shift relentlessly occup ied, wide-awake, vigilant, alert, and even hyperactive. Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and generally disabling brain disease (Smith et al, 2006). While the term schizophrenia literally means split mind, it should not be confused with a split or multiple personality. It is more accurately described as a psychosis &8212 a type of disease that causes severe mental turbulence that disrupts normal thinking, vocalizations, and deeds. Schizophrenia is supposed to be secondary to a combination of hereditary and environmental factors.The course of schizophrenia, its symptoms, and triggers vary greatly among those who are affected. People with schizophrenia may demonstrate a varied combination of symptoms, triggers, and course. Each of these combinations may produce different clinical pictures. In fact, some clinicians have argued that schizophrenia is actually a group of separate disorders that share common features or symptoms.Comer (2007) notes that the indication of schizophrenia fal l into three main categoriesPositive symptoms, which are unusual thoughts or perceptions that include hallucinations (disturbances of sensory perception), delusions (false beliefs) and thought disorder.Delusions Delusions are faulty interpretations of reality. Delusions may have bizarre content such as thoughts of being controlled by others, ideas of persecution by others, etc.Disordered Thinking and Speech These may include loose associations, neologisms, and clanging.Heightened Perceptions These are feelings of being flooded by sights and sounds, making it impossible to attend to anything important.Hallucinations Hallucinations are faulty sensory perceptions. Auditory hallucinations are the most common form of hallucinations.Inappropriate Affect Inappropriate affect is smiling when you are sad or angry or bearing a blank look when you should look happy. This may be related to the experience of hallucinations.Negative symptoms, which stands for a loss or a decrease in the ability t o initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life (Comer 2007). These symptoms are harder to recognize as part of the disorder and can be mistaken for laziness or depression.Cognitive symptoms (or cognitive deficits), which are problems with attention, certain types of recall, and the executive occupation that allow us to plan and organize. Cognitive deficits can also be difficult to recognize as part of the disorder but are the most debilitating terms of leading a normal life.One may note that the cornerstone of schizophrenia is psychosis. Psychosis is a state characterized by loss of contact with reality (Comer, 2007). In this condition, the affected persons ability to perceive and respond to the environment is significantly disturbed, and it may affect the persons ability to function. Psychotic symptoms may include hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions and/or delusions which are false beliefs. Psychosis may also be substance-induced or caus ed by brain injury, but psychosis most commonly appears in diagnoses of schizophrenia. Fowler (2000) notes that normally individuals with psychosis are not conscious of the consequential links between their symptoms, life experiences, disposition and beliefs. By helping someone understand his or her problem as partly one of belief and interpretation, rather than actual and current threat, can be beneficialTreatments for SchizophreniaTreatment is aimed at reducing symptoms and preventing psychotic relapses and is believed to be most effective when begun early in the course of the illness. Schizophrenia is initally treated with antipsychotic medication (Comer, 2007). Once acute symptoms have lessened, a combination of medicine and psychosocial/rehabilitation interventions can be beneficial. As a chronic condition, disease management is life-long process.Barrow (2005) states that the most common modern medications currently prescribed are risperidone (Risperdal), olanzapine (Zyprexa, Z ydis), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon). And then there is aripiprazole (Abilify), which acts in a different way on the brain than others. All these drugs block dopamine in those parts of the brain where excessive dopamine is causative to psychosis. They mainly diminish positive symptoms, but they may also help with negative symptoms. Counseling, psychotherapy and social rehabilitation can help with more of what we call negative symptoms. Although Barrow notes that this often gets lost at first because positive symptoms gets therapists too busy, but people also lose inspiration, the capacity to communicate socially, and the capacity to organize themselves as they used to do before.ReferencesBarrow, K (2005). Reality Distortions Balancing the Mind in Schizophrenia. Healthology Online, retrieved 7 April 2008 from http//www.healthology.com/mental-health/article1007.htm?pg=2Comer, R. J. (2007). Abnormal psychology (6th ed.), New York Worth Publishers.Fowler, D. (2000). Cognit ive behaviour therapy for psychosis from understanding to treatment. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills, 4(2), 199-215.Smith B, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Bashforth H, Garety P Dunn G & Kuipers E., (2006) Emotion and psychosis links between depression, self-esteem, negative schematic beliefs and delusions and hallucinations. Retrieved 7 April 2008 from http//eprints.ucl.ac.uk/2182/1/Microsoft_Word_-_Schiz_Res_02_04_2006__2_.pdf